2008 Jul 1;7(7):1039-50. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.03.018. ... just like the famous "Schlitzie the Pinhead" was. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors.
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'pinhead.' DNA Repair (Amst).
Pinheaded definition is - dull, stupid. Most cases of microlissencephaly are described in consanguineous families, suggesting an autosomal recessive inheritance. Similar to various sociocultural updates in linguistics, the term is deemed obsolete by modern medical culture.
'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? What made you want to look up pinhead? See the full definition for pinheaded in the English Language Learners Dictionary, Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for pinheaded.
Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [1][example needed] It is reported that in the United States, microcephaly occurs in 2 to 12 babies per 10,000 births.
[64], People with microcephaly were sometimes sold to freak shows in North America and Europe in the 19th and early 20th centuries, where they were known by the name "pinheads". A pinhead is a person born with a condition known as microcephaly. On the other side, a relationship has been found between schizophrenia, deletions of genes and microcephaly.
Accessed 18 Oct. 2020. How to use pinheaded in a sentence. Occasional cases develop normal intelligence and grow normally (apart from persistently small head circumference). [3] Moreover, an association has been established between common genetic variants within known microcephaly genes (such as MCPH1 and CDK5RAP2) and normal variation in brain structure as measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—i.e., primarily brain cortical surface area and total brain volume.
[7] Affected newborns generally have striking neurological defects and seizures. What does 'poke' refer to in the expression 'pig in a poke'.
Learn a new word every day. [41][42][43][44] A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine has documented a case in which they found evidence of the Zika virus in the brain of a fetus that displayed the morphology of microcephaly. Many of them were presented as different species (e.g., "monkey man") and described as being the missing link.
[1] Relationships have been found between autism, duplications of genes and macrocephaly on one side.
Motor ability varies, ranging from clumsiness in some to spastic quadriplegia in others.
[1] Because some cases of microcephaly and its associated symptoms may be a result of amino acid deficiencies, treatment with amino acids in these cases has been shown to improve symptoms such as seizures and motor function delays. See the full definition for pinhead in the English Language Learners Dictionary, Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for pinhead. Or something like that.
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[7] Development of motor functions and speech may be delayed.
How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe... Name that government! [47], Microlissencephaly is microcephaly combined with lissencephaly (smooth brain surface due to absent sulci and gyri). Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Mutations that result solely in microcephaly (primary microcephaly) exist but are less common. Epub 2008 May 23. Review. O'Driscoll M, Jeggo PA. [1] Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. These findings suggest that a normal DNA damage response is critical during brain development, perhaps to protect against induction of apoptosis by DNA damage occurring in neurons. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! [52] Due to their proximity to the bomb, the pregnant women's in utero children received a biologically significant radiation dose that was relatively high due to the massive neutron output of the lower explosive-yielding Little Boy. It is a neurological disorder and is characterized by a smaller than average head.
A certain 'dwarf' of Punt (ancient Somalia) was given by the Chief clans as partial tribute to the last ruler of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom, Jenny Lee Snow and Elvira Snow, whose stage names were Pip and Zip, respectively, were sisters with microcephaly who acted in the 1932 film, This page was last edited on 17 October 2020, at 02:02. For the genus of beetle, see, Condition in which the head is small due to an underdeveloped brain.
Therefore, because the size of the brain is most often determined by the size of one's skull, the use of classifying, "microcephaly", in more modern literature, is today almost always implied when discussing cases wherein microcephaly manifests.
[9], Microcephaly is a type of cephalic disorder.
Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! How to use a word that (literally) drives some pe... Name that government! [6], There is no specific treatment that returns the head size to normal. [57][58] Mutations of the abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) gene are associated with microcephaly in humans and a knockout model has been developed in ferrets that exhibits severe microcephaly. Learn a new word every day. Accessed 18 Oct. 2020.
Often, people with this disorder have an intellectual disability, poor motor function, poor speech, abnormal facial features, seizures and dwarfism. For example, the Notch pathway genes regulate the balance between stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the stem cell layer known as the ventricular zone, and experimental mutations of many genes can cause microcephaly in mice,[56] similar to human microcephaly. [52] Researchers studied 286 additional children who were in utero during the atomic bombings, and after a year they found these children had a higher incidence of microcephaly and mental retardation.
[3] External toxins to the embryo, such as alcohol during pregnancy or vertically transmitted infections, can also result in microcephaly. Delivered to your inbox! [2] Many genetic syndromes can result in microcephaly, including chromosomal and single-gene conditions, though almost always in combination with other symptoms. Infants with microcephaly are born with either a normal or reduced head size. However, the older, slightly more traditional classification, "microcephaly", translates to, "smallness of brain". [1] Often, people with this disorder have an intellectual disability, poor motor function, poor speech, abnormal facial features, seizures and dwarfism. [40] Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the brain does not develop properly, resulting in a shorter-than-normal head. You can add to your bike security at any time, with matching locks for … It is usually defined as a head circumference (HC) more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex. [59] In addition, viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Zika have been shown to infect and kill the primary stem cell of the brain—the radial glial cell, resulting in the loss of future daughter neurons. [1] Microcephaly serves as an important neurological indication or warning sign, but no uniformity exists in its definition. [62] Individuals with the following DNA damage response disorders exhibit microcephaly: Nijmegen breakage syndrome, ATR-Seckel syndrome, MCPH1-dependent primary microcephaly disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A deficiency, Fanconi anemia, ligase 4 deficiency syndrome and Bloom syndrome.
[4][5] Some academics advocate defining it as head circumference more than three standard deviations below the mean for the age and sex. [65] Famous examples include Zip the Pinhead (although he may not have had microcephaly)[66] and Schlitzie the Pinhead,[66] who also starred in the 1932 film Freaks. [7] Subsequently, the head fails to grow, while the face continues to develop at a normal rate, producing a child with a small head and a receding forehead, and a loose, often wrinkled scalp. Pinhead definition is - the head of a pin. [8] As the child grows older, the smallness of the skull becomes more obvious, although the entire body also is often underweight and dwarfed. [45], "Microcephaly" means "smallheadedness" (New Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head"[46]). Pinhead is an investment that protects your bike parts for a fraction of their replacement cost. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? Definition, Synonyms, Translations of pinheaded by The Free Dictionary The role of the DNA damage response pathways in brain development and microcephaly: insight from human disorders. [67], "Microcephalus" redirects here. [55] Research in animal models such as rodents has found many genes that are required for normal brain growth. Biologically, during conception the head fails to grow in time with the face – which continues to develop at a normal rate; this produces a person with a small… “Pinheaded.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pinheaded. Post the Definition of pinheaded to Facebook, Share the Definition of pinheaded on Twitter, ‘Fascism’: The Word’s Meaning and History. Delivered to your inbox! 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'?
[2], There are a variety of symptoms that can occur in children.
But Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and his team are using the process in a more innovative way: creating tiny replicas of human organs — some as small as a, About 100 million particles of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, can fit on a, For Japanese green, water at 160 to 170 degrees, look for, That’s not to say the drug is completely useless in the fight against citrus greening, which is spread by a, Post the Definition of pinhead to Facebook, Share the Definition of pinhead on Twitter, ‘Fascism’: The Word’s Meaning and History. Hyperactivity and intellectual disability are common occurrences, although the degree of each varies. [1] Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [39], The spread of Aedes mosquito-borne Zika virus has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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