In mid-February, without public announcement, the United States began a campaign of sustained air strikes against the North that were code-named Rolling Thunder. Jan. 27, 1973: Cease-fire agreement is reached between U.S. and North Vietnam, U.S. POWs begin to return home. Learn more. What events caused voters to lose faith in the political system and the nation's leaders in the... Why did the Vietnamese reject French rule?The Vietnam War. The North was supported by China and the Soviet Union while the South was supported by the United States, Thailand, Australia, and South Korea. By the summer of 1964, the successes of the Viet Cong on the battlefield led the U.S. government to conclude that only massive military intervention could save South Vietnam. Sept. 10, 1960: Le Duan replaces Ho Chi Minh as First Secretary of the Vietnamese Communist Party in Hanoi. Ho Chi Minh saw an opportunity to seize control and immediately rose up in arms. The United States believed that it was preventing the communists from the North from taking over the South and started supporting the leader of the South. The war in Vietnam lasted more than two decades, although the involvement of the United States was a bit shorter. Nov. 8, 1960: John F. Kennedy beats Richard Nixon in the U.S. presidential election; Lyndon B. Johnson is vice president. Air attacks against North Vietnam, they argued, would boost the morale of the shaky South Vietnamese and reassure them of continuing American commitment. The Vietcong a lightly armed South Vietnamese communist controlled common front largely fought a guerrilla against anti-communist forces in the region. The Wikipedia entry on the Vietnam War states that it lasted from 26th September 1959 to 30th April 1975: "The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, was a Cold War Military conflict that occurred in Vietnam Cambodia and Laos from September 26, 1959 to April 30, 1975. Between the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the U.S. presidential election in November 1964, the situation in Vietnam had changed for the worse. Filmmakers Ken Burns and Lynn Novick discuss their new PBS documentary series 'The Vietnam War' and the importance of remembering the war at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The National Liberation Front, also known as the Viet Cong, was a South Korean armed resistance that aided the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). Over time, this was seen as the critical moment, as President Johnson used it to convince Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized the President to be able to use greater military resolve in the conflict. This marked a critical point in the U.S. Involvement in the war because striking the Viet Cong through the air was meant to prevent further casualties to soldiers on the ground, which began increasing later than year. Official trailer for the new PBS documentary series, 'The Vietnam War' a film by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick. The war officially ended on April 30, 1975. It is estimated that approximately 58,200 Americans were killed while another 110,000 were wounded. Why was the Vietnam War important? There was no declaration of war—not even an address to Congress—and no attempt to put the country on a war footing economically. The US involvement in Vietnam had started as early as 1950 when Harry Truman sent military advisors to aid the French. The United States became involved in Vietnam shortly after World War II, sending funds and military advisers to aid the French. They would also make Hanoi “pay a price” for its war against Saigon, and they might actually reduce the ability of the North to supply men and matériel for the military effort in the South. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. As tensions and forced began to increase, 1964 saw the Gulf of Tonkin incident, when a United States vessel was fired upon by North Vietnamese forces. ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon. Hubert H. Humphrey warned the president that a major bombing campaign would likely lead only to further American commitment and political problems at home. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. May 7, 1954: Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh forces defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, effectively ending the 7 ½-year Indochina War. By mid-March Westmoreland and the Joint Chiefs of Staff were advising the White House that the United States would have to commit its own troops for combat if it wished to forestall a communist victory. Some say from 1968 to 1975, but to be more accurate we must begin around 1945 when Communist leader Ho Chi Minh seized power throughout most of Vietnam. starTop subjects are Literature, History, and Social Sciences. This idea stated that if South Vietnam was pressured into "going Communist," the entire region of South East Asia would move in that direction. Is the Coronavirus Crisis Increasing America's Drug Overdoses? During the second world war, Japan invaded the country. The Cold War thinking between both superpowers entered into the Vietnam Discussion. Who Was President During the Vietnam War? This is because the war did not have any clear beginning or ending. The Vietnam War lasted 19 years and 180 days. One TV documentary on this war called it the "10,000 Day War," which would mean it took about 30 years. De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal. Nov. 14-18, 1965: In the Ia Drang Valley, American troops fight their first large scale battles against the North Vietnamese Army. What was the outcome of the Vietnam War? The Johnson and Nixon administrations extended American involvement before the war's extreme unpopularity at home forced Nixon to recall all troops. The war was primarily between North and South Vietnam but its roots were manifested long before it began. The Kennedy administration increased aid as well as military support in 1960, sending Green Berets to assist the South Vietnamese army. In Vietnam, we do not even think of it as a war until President Johnson escalates troop involvement in the mid-sixties. March 30 – Oct. 22, 1972: The Easter Offensive invasion by North Vietnamese forces is successfully repelled by South Vietnamese. © 2020 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. In 1976, the country was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. From. The bombing campaign followed the graduated path outlined by Bundy but was steadily expanded to include more targets and more frequent attacks. Despite the Paris Peace Accords , signed by all parties in January 1973, fighting continued. The Largest Football (Soccer) Stadiums In The World. The North was supported by China and the Soviet Union while the South was supported by the United States, Thailand, Australia, and South Korea. March 8, 1965: First Marines land in Danang. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The president publicly announced his decisions at a news conference at the end of July. Festival of Sacrifice: The Past and Present of the Islamic Holiday of Eid al-Adha, Universal Images Group Editorial/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. Operations spanned borders, with Laos and Cambodia heavily bombed. Many of Johnson’s advisers now began to argue for some sort of retaliation against the North. May 4, 1970: Four days after Nixon announced the expansion of the war into Cambodia, four students at Kent State are shot by National Guardsmen during a protest. The initial number of 3,000 marked the process of escalation of U.S. troops in the region. Involvement peaked in 1968 at the time of the Tet Offensive. The US began to send troops in a large scale around 1964. It was a difficult time in America as the country was divided by those who supported the war and those who did not. Troops from the United States were first sent in 1950 and increased significantly throughout the 1960s.
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