[88], As there was little space on the carriers, two requisitioned merchant container ships, the Atlantic Conveyor and Atlantic Causeway, were modified with temporary flight decks and used to carry Harriers and helicopters to the South Atlantic. Zur Pilotenschulung wurde die No. AV-8A (AV-8B) •
Sea Fury • Kurz vor dem Falklandkrieg ließ die RN in ihre SeaHarrier Täuschkörperwerfer vom Typ BAe AN/ALE-40 einbauen. Der Rumpf besteht größtenteils aus Aluminiumlegierungen.
[N 17] Spain's purchase of Harriers was complicated by long-standing political friction between the British and Spanish governments of the era; even though the Harriers were manufactured in the UK they were sold to Spain with the US acting as an intermediary. The Harrier received criticism for having a high accident rate and for a time-consuming maintenance process. Кроме того, при взлёте и посадке пилот должен учитывать влияние эффекта экрана (газовой подушки, создаваемой тягой двигателей и отражаемой от поверхности). would be vulnerable and likely to be quickly knocked out.
Das Pegasus-6-Triebwerk der ersten Harrier trug die militärische Bezeichnung Mk. Hawker Siddeley aggressively marketed the Harrier for export. The RN Sea Harriers provided fixed-wing air defence while the RAF Harriers focused on ground-attack missions in support of the advancing British land force. P.1072 •
By Nach- und Umrüstungen mit den verbesserten Triebwerken führten zu den Bezeichnungen T.2A (Mk. A-3 • However, the USMC considered the need for naval gunfire support to be a greater priority than additional platforms for carrier operations, while the cost and delay associated with such elaborate conversions was significant, and the concept was dropped. P.1154 выиграл конкурс на выполнение этого требования, несмотря на сильную конкуренцию со стороны других самолётов, таких как Mirage IIIV компании Dassault Aviation. This would potentially have saved fuel and allowed for operations in rougher seas. Mason, Kenneth J. and Charles R. Rosburg. Als Ausgleich von Verlusten im Falkland-Krieg wurden aber schließlich noch vier Exemplare hergestellt, was einen Gesamtbauumfang von 118 Stück ergibt. The first RAF Squadron to be equipped with the Harrier GR.1 was RAF No.1 Squadron at Wittering who when they received their aircraft in April 1969 signalled the beginning of over four decades of RAF Service. Despite a vigorous marketing campaign by British Aerospace, the Sea Harrier only saw customer sales to India despite enormous interest from the military authorities of both Argentina and Australia.
[59] For horizontal flight, the nozzles are directed rearwards by shifting the lever to the forward position; for short or vertical takeoffs and landings, the lever is pulled back to point the nozzles downwards. Перед выполнением вертикального взлёта самолёт устанавливается носом против ветра. [76], The McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II is the latest Harrier variant, a second-generation series to replace the first generation of Harrier jets already in service; all the above variants of the Harrier have mainly been retired with the Harrier II taking their place in the RAF, USMC and FAA.
A-12, F/A-18 (F/A-18E/F / EA-18G) • Два оставшихся самолёта были отправлены на дальнейшие испытания в королевское авиационное учреждение Бедфорд[en], а один из них был модифицирован установкой более мощного двигателя Pegasus 6[20]. The aircraft saw service distinction during the Falklands Conflict of 1982 as well as during both of the Gulf Wars and the Balkans conflict. (image by Benoit de Mulder via Wikimedia Commons) The Martin-Baker ejection seats were also replaced by the Stencel SEU-3A in the American aircraft. A-2 •
Дальнейшим развитием самолёта являются машины BAE Sea Harrier, BAE Harrier II, и AV-8B Harrier II, производившиеся на предприятиях British Aerospace (Великобритания) и McDonnell Douglas (США). The test program also investigated the potential for landing aircraft on naval carriers and the first successful touchdown on HMS Ark Royal was achieved in 1963. "The Small Aircraft Carrier: A Re-Evaluation of the Sea Control Ship". Die Tragflächen erhielten insgesamt vier Außenlaststationen, an denen jeweils 2000-lb- oder 455-l-Zusatztanks innen und 680 lb außen mitgeführt werden konnte. August 1966 und dem 14.
[85], In the Falklands War in 1982, 10 Harrier GR.3s of No. [127][132][N 18] The Royal Thai Navy's AV-8S Matadors were delivered as part of the air wing deployed on the new light aircraft carrier HTMS Chakri Naruebet. Flugausstellung Leo Junior at Hermeskeil, Germany.
XV-4 • Die Drehung erfolgt durch eine pneumatisch angetriebene Air Motor Servo Unit (AMSU), welche die benötigte Druckluft als Zapfluft von der sechsten Stufe des Hochdruckverdichters erhält. Die AV-8A dienten dann in der in Rota stationierten Escuadrilla 008 der spanischen Marine (Armada Española) unter der Bezeichnung Matador. Die Royal Engineers präparierten jedoch die entsprechenden Stellen mit schnell zu verlegenden Aluminiumplanken für den Sprungstart und die vertikale Landung.
Hedgehog •
Die Erstflüge dieser Flugzeuge fanden zwischen Dezember 1967 und März 1971 statt. Award for Best Picture), for the enthusiasts in the audience,
Navy Model AV-8A Aircraft. "The Continuing Requirement for V/STOL in the Close Air Support Role".
Following these tests ski-jumps were added to the flight decks of all RN carriers from 1979 onwards, in preparation for the new variant for the navy, the Sea Harrier. Bewaffnung von bis zu 2268 kg an fünf Außenlaststationen unter den beiden Tragflächen und unter dem Rumpf: Radarwarner [96], Following the Falklands war, British Aerospace explored the Skyhook, a new technique to operate Harriers from smaller ships. Поскольку на режиме висения и околонулевых скоростей полёта аэродинамические поверхности (элероны, рули высоты и руль направления) неэффективны, на этих режимах используется система струйного (реактивного) управления. Sadly, the Strategic Defence Review (SDR) of July 1998 was to signal the end of the UK’s military involvement with the much-loved Harrier and following the ‘early retirement’ of the Navy’s Sea Harriers between 2004 and 2006, the remaining aircraft were consolidated by the RAF into ‘The Harrier Force’. Skyhook would have allowed the launching and landing of Harriers from smaller ships by holding the aircraft in midair by a crane; secondary cranes were to hold weapons for rapid re-arming. It was planned that supplies would to be regularly ferried by, Politically, the British government had decided not to use aircraft carriers after the 1960s, due to the costs involved. While irrelevant during forward flight mode, these controls are essential during VTOL and STOL manoeuvres. The innovative Harrier family and its Rolls-Royce Pegasus engines with thrust vectoring nozzles have generated long-term interest in V/STOL aircraft.
flight), Jenkins came across the Everett Aero website on which Die 17 Maschinen eines zweiten Bauloses flogen zum ersten Mal zwischen Juni 1971 und Juni 1972. Als Ergebnis sollte ein neues Einsatzkonzept für V/STOL-Kampfflugzeuge aufgestellt werden. [50] The Los Angeles Times reported in 2003 that the Harrier "...has amassed the highest major accident rate of any military plane now in service. Серийный выпуск начат в 1967 году. Bristol Siddeley developed it from their earlier conventional Orpheus turbofan engine, the main difference being the thrust generated is directed through four rotatable nozzles.
Угол установки сопел регулируется в диапазоне от нуля градусов (сопла направлены горизонтально, строго назад в сторону хвоста), до 98° (несколько вперёд в сторону носа). ", http://books.google.com/books?id=_Dc665HSo_0C, Harrier GR.3 in Beijing Aviation Museum, China, "Harrier - World's First Fixed-wing V/STOL Weapons System", https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier?oldid=4788672, An AV-8S Matador flies over the Spanish aircraft carrier, 2× drop tanks for extended range/loitering time.
Several small
[80][81] Two Harrier squadrons were established in 1970 at the RAF's air base in Wildenrath to be part of its air force in Germany; another squadron was formed there two years later. [16] Sollte eine Düse nicht gedreht werden können, scheren die Antriebe der drei restlichen Düsen ab, so dass alle vier Düsen in der gleichen Stellung stehen bleiben und eine gefährliche asymmetrische Schubverteilung vermieden wird. 1453 Flight Harrier GR.3 at Stanley Airport in 1984, In RAF service, the Harrier was used in close air support (CAS), reconnaissance, and other ground-attack roles. Источник данных: Standard Aircraft Characteristics [34], Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии.
version for the Royal Air Force, equivalent to the GR.3, with
Самолёт строился на двух заводах — в Кингстон-апон-Тэмз[en] на юго-западе Лондона и на аэродроме Дансфолд[en] в графстве Суррей — и проходил предварительные испытания в Дансфолде[31]. 50) wurden ebenfalls in Kingston hergestellt und 1976 in die USA verschifft, wo die spanischen Piloten ihre Umschulung auf das Baumuster durchliefen. The first Kestrel flew on 7th March 1964 and by the time the evaluation was complete in November 1965, a total of 960 sorties had been made including 1,366 take-offs and landings. a ground attack aircraft, though its maneuverability also allows
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