that he returned to Rome, where he practiced as a lawyer and polished the oratorical skills that served him well for the rest of his life. It had believed that the issue was between a rebel and the legitimate rulers, and it had expected that the towns of Italy would send troops in defense of the authority of the Senate and the Roman People's liberties. Vercingetorix, a young nobleman, raised an army, made alliances with several other tribes and seized control of what was developing as an all-out revolt against Roman authority. into a patrician family that claimed to be descended from Julus, son of the Trojan prince Aeneas, who in turn was the supposed son of the goddess Venus. Intervention by the family of Caesar’s mother and Rome’s Vestal Virgins lifted the threat against Caesar; but it was not until he heard of Sulla’s death in 78 B.C. Pompey was successful: in 52, he was elected "consul without colleague" and yielded almost dictatorial authority.
Home » Articles » Person » Caesar » Caesar (06), About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. Caught on the wrong side of the mountains from Vercingetorix when winter hit, Caesar crossed the “impassable” Massif Central with a small force of infantry and cavalry to link up with two of his legions quartered near the southern edge of Arvenni territory. Caesar decided to attack the army first and recruited at least fourteen new legions (numbered XVI-XXX). At that critical point, however, Pompey merely contented himself with pursuing a handful of fugitives. Caesar lingered briefly, considering the implications of his actions, then made his famous remark, “Alea iacta est” (The die is cast), and led his troops over into Italy. Caesar next pacified the Suebi, a Germanic tribe, killing most of the 120,000-man force sent against him. He withdrew from Britain but returned in 54 B.C. Pompey’s troops were already arrayed with their right flank anchored on a deep ravine near the Enipeus River. “The contest [was] long and vigorously carried on,” Caesar wrote in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. He used part of his growing wealth from Gallic loot to hire political agents in Rome. Despite the great risks of winter navigation, seven legions were carried to modern Albania in January 48 BCE, but Caesar's navy was defeated and the remaining four legions could not be ferried to the east. On January 1, 49 bce, the Senate received from Caesar a proposal that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. On his right was the River Enipeus, on his left his massed cavalry. In late July, the Pompeians attempted a surprise evacuation to positions south of the Ebro River. There, Caesar commanded nearly 30,000 infantry and some 1,000 Gallic and German cavalry, plus 2,000 light infantry and auxiliaries. Caesar’s success in building up his political power had made the champions of the old regime so implacably hostile to him that he was now faced with a choice between putting himself at his enemies’ mercy or seizing the monopoly of power at which he was accused of aiming. However, a larger and more serious uprising erupted in 52 B.C. According to figures claimed at the time, when the day was over 15,000 of Pompey’s men were killed and another 20,000 were captured, while Caesar lost only 200 men. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Erin Moran, actress; best known for her role as Joanie Cunningham on Happy Days TV series and its spinoff Joanie Loves Chachi. By Caesar’s account, Pompey’s losses were 15,000 killed and 24,000 captured. When Caesar was in Gaul and organized the conquered territories, Pompey and Crassus tried to enlarge their power too. The answer can only be guessed from what he did do in the few months available. Pompey’s army collapsed. In 45 bce he enacted a law laying down a standard pattern for the constitutions of the municipia, which were by this time the units of local self-government in most of the territory inhabited by Roman citizens. Wendy Wasserstein, playwright (The Heidi Chronicles). Caesar sent his Legiones XI and XII east to pin down Scipio’s army, and sent Legio XVII southeast to forage and subdue the Greek region of Thessaly. Pompey’s total strength was roughly 36,000 infantry, with as many as 7,000 cavalry and another 4,200 archers and slingers. He must in fact have known that Pompey the Great would not have accepted a pardon. The Populares, a group of leaders from the senatorial class, had taken to using people’s assemblies and popular support to achieve greater power and forward their policies. Pompey’s officers, buoyed by their victory at Dyrrachium, were certain that complete victory was near. The two had previously been political allies within a three-man group that unofficially ruled Rome. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated on the order of Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII. On the strength of his victories in Spain, Caesar was elected to one of Rome’s two consul seats for the year 59 BC. Caesar responded by thinning the traditional Roman three-line infantry formation and creating a fourth line hidden behind the other three. Caesar’s fate – and that of the Roman Republic – hung in the balance as the Battle of Pharsalus began in earnest.
A very small part of that army survives.
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