Some of the notable constructions under his reign were those of the 'University of Athens' (1837, formerly the 'Othonian University'), the 'Athens Polytechnic University' (1837, formerly the 'Royal School of Arts'), the 'National Gardens of Athens' (1840), the 'National Library of Greece' (1842), the 'Greek Parliament Building,' (1843, formerly the 'Old Royal Palace'), and the 'Old Parliament Building' (1858). He later got involved in constant conflicts with Armansperg, which led to his dismissal as the prime minister (soon after he returned from his wedding in Germany). According to the constitution of 1843, his two younger brothers and their descendants were considered for succession. Bavarian tradition caused the heart of the king to be placed in a silver urn and sent to the Gnadenkapelle (Chapel of the Miraculous Image) in Altötting, beside those of his brother, father and grandfather. The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece at age 17. He continued to wear his Greek uniforms and secretly donated most of his fortune to the Greek troops in support of the Cretan Rebellion of 1866. His parents were King Maximilian II of Bavaria and Marie of Prussia. [7], After the Franco-Prussian War, Otto became very depressed and anxious, which worried his family. Accordingly, the constitution of Bavaria was amended on 4 November 1913 to include a clause specifying that if a regency for reasons of incapacity lasted for ten years, with no expectation that the King would ever be able to reign, the Regent could end the regency, depose the King and assume the crown himself with the assent of the legislature. Hence, they regarded the autocephaly as non-canonical. When King Ludwig II was incapacitated by his ministers on 10 June 1886, his uncle Luitpold took over the reign of the Kingdom of Bavaria and led the affairs of state in Ludwig's place as Prince Regent; his official title in this function was "Administrator of the Kingdom of Bavaria". The Greeks soon demanded a new constitution. The 'Great Powers,' who had always supported Otto till then, had to withdraw in 1850, when the 'Don Pacifico Affair' led to a massive conflict among the parties. Otto and Ludwig were often seen together during the early years of Ludwig's reign, but they became estranged over time. Christian WilhelmFerdinand AdolfGeorgPr of Denmark [see Denmark], b.Copenhagen24 Dec 1845; he was selected by the Powers to Theodore Tengerdi (1,656 words) exact match in … Otto was placed under medical supervision, and reports about his condition were sent by spies working for the Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck. Prince Otto of Bavaria was made king of Greece in 1833, ruling as an absolute monarch until 1843 when, in the face of armed insurrection, he created a constitution. Otto was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and the younger brother of Ludwig II. He began the implementation of his infrastructural projects with a detailed archaeological and topographic survey. Otto had specifically requested that his donations to the Greek troops be kept a secret so that the new king, George I, would not face any political issue. Otto was the second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, and was descended from the House of Comnenus and House of Laskaris through his ancestor John II of Bavaria. Otto Friedrich Ludwig (Greek: Όθων, Óthon; 1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) was a Bavarian prince who ruled as King of Greece from the establishment of the monarchy on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed on 23 October 1862.. [4] When Wilhelm I was proclaimed German Emperor on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles, Prince Otto and his uncle, Luitpold, represented King Ludwig II, who refused to participate. On September 3, 1843, Colonel Kallergis and ‘Revolutionary’ captain Ioannis Makriyannis assembled in front of the palace in Athens. They spent most of their childhood with servants and teachers at Hohenschwangau Castle. Ludwig deposed him in 1913, a day after the legislature passed a law allowing him to do so, and became king in his own right. Even though the state flourished under him in some areas such as infrastructure, his reign was mostly controversial. Both Ludwig and Otto despised Prussia, and their uncle, Luitpold, and Gudden supported Prussia's rise to dominance. Otto of Greece - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core your own Pins on Pinterest He was chosen by a conference of European powers at London as first King of the Hellenes. Nov 16, 2012 - This Pin was discovered by Jelena Rizvanovic. The Monarchy of Greece was created by the London Conference of 1832 at which the First Hellenic Republic was abolished. The parliament assented on 6 November, and Ludwig III took the constitutional oath on 8 November. Amalia was Lutheran and Otto Catholic, and they were wed in both a Lutheran and Catholic wedding ceremony. [1] Their mother took an interest in what the brothers wore: she ordered for Ludwig to be always dressed in blue and for Otto to wear always red. He was appointed sub-lieutenant on 27 April 1863 and admitted to the Cadet Corps on 1 March 1864. Otto's choice as King of Greece is ratified by the Greek National Assembly in the summer of 1832. His government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. August 2, 1815. Worth - Bavaria 1 thaler 1832, Prince Otto of Bavaria First King of Greece in the coin catalog at uCoin.net - International Catalog of World Coins. However, Otto finally gave in to the heavy demands of the Greeks and declared the establishment of the constitution and the formation of a ‘Greek National Assembly.’ In his later reign, he lost the support of the 'Great Powers' and was forced into exile. His uncle, Luitpold, and his cousin, Ludwig, served as regents. Prince Otto was born on 27 April 1848, two months premature, in the Munich Residenz. His illness progressively grew worse. Common Knowledge People/Characters Otto of Bavaria, King of Greece. His Greek subjects never accepted the king's absolute monarchy. Nevertheless, the parties still remained in authority, controlling the government and maintaining financial stability. Today, May 20, marks the anniversary of the day in 1835 when Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria was first named King of the recently liberated country of Greece. Gudden made no effort to treat him; it is possible that Otto was heavily drugged. In the spring of 1880, his condition worsened. Since Otto was unable to lead the government due to his mental illness (officially it was said: "The King is melancholic"), Prince Regent Luitpold also reigned for him. Some contemporaries also believed that Bismarck did not want Ludwig or Otto to remain in power and decided to replace the brothers with their malleable uncle, Luitpold.[8]. Otto faced strong opposition due to several religious issues, which included his acts of practicing monasticism and autocephaly (as unilaterally declared by the regents in 1833), appointing himself as the head of the church, and establishing a policy of suppressing the monasteries. King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished. Their parents were distant and formal, and they were at such a loss about what to say to Otto and Ludwig that they often ignored and even avoided them. Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria was born on June 1, 1815, at the ‘Schloss Mirabell’ in Salzburg, Austria, during the brief time when Bavaria owned it. Before his 18th birthday, Otto arrived in Greece on the British frigate (warship) 'HMS Madagascar,' along with 3,500 Bavarian troops called the 'Bavarian Auxiliary Corps. Otto dismissed the 'Regency Council' in 1835 and ruled as an absolute monarch for a few years, until he gave in to the strong uprising of the Greeks demanding a constitution (which led to the coup in September 1843). Between 1853 and 1863, the brothers spent their summer holidays at the Royal Villa in Berchtesgaden, which had been specially built for their father.[2][3]. Because Otto is only 17, his rule is guided by three regents from his father's court until Otto reaches the age of twenty-one. The promise was financed by the 'Great Powers,' while the United Kingdom and the ‘Rothschild’ bank endorsed the loans, leading them to have a role in Greece's internal affairs. Amelia's interference in the government and her refusal to give up the Protestant faith earned the royal couple a lot of criticism. Count Josef Ludwig von Armansperg was the head of the 'Regency Council' and served as the minister of finance. With the Greeks in his council, the control of the 'Great Powers' was markedly reduced. He thus suggested the acquisition of Crete in 1841, which not only failed in its objective but also got him entangled with the 'Great Powers.'. Otto was then moved to Schleissheim Palace and was effectively held prisoner there, much to his dismay. However, the decision was made to present Greece as a progressive and religiously tolerant society. Even though the 'Great Powers' had given Otto the title, they limited his authority to act against the Ottoman Empire, through King Ludwig I. ", in: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Nr. One of the major reasons for the opposition was Otto's refusal to adopt the Greek Orthodox faith and give up Roman Catholicism. Once Otto dismissed his Bavarian advisors, he allowed the dissolution of monasteries to lapse. The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece while still a minor. Discover (and save!) Moreover, the queen's unnecessary interference in the political affairs and her influence on Otto added to the public sentiments against him. Otto's plan to join Russia in the Crimean War (1853–1856) against Turkey, which was backed by the other two parties of the 'Great Powers,' failed because the British party (the 'Great Power' party that supported the Greeks the most) had ordered him to remain neutral. In 1832 when the Convention of London created Greece as a kingdom, the throne was offered to Otto, and he became the first King of Greece on February 6, 1833. He married Princess Amalie (Amelie) Friederike Maria of Oldenburg. They also demanded a permanent national assembly and a personal acknowledgment to the leaders of the uprising for the establishment of the constitution. Their father was strict with the brothers, particularly Ludwig, the heir apparent. In an attempt to please the Greek people, Otto adopted the Greek version of his name, “Othon.”. He was the second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. George I (Greek: Γεώργιος Α΄, Geórgios I; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913. Otto died unexpectedly on 11 October 1916 from a volvulus (an obstruction of the bowel). In 1869, he joined the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, on the initiative of Cardinal Karl-August von Reisach. By then, it had been obvious for some time that Otto would never emerge from seclusion or be mentally capable of actively reigning. In an attempt to establish a pro-Othon party and to avoid any conflict, he gave equal powers to all the parties of the 'Great Powers.' The 'Great Powers' never curtailed Otto's increasing absolutism. Born in: Mirabell Palace, Salzburg, Austria, Spouse/Ex-: Amalia of Oldenburg (m. 1836), siblings: Luitpold - Prince Regent of Bavaria, Maximilian II of Bavaria, Prince Adalbert of Bavaria, Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Princess Alexandra of Bavaria, Princess Hildegard of Bavaria, Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria, Princess Theodelinde of Bavaria, See the events in life of Otto Of Greece in Chronological Order. However, he made it compulsory for his successors to follow the Greek faith according to the terms of the 1843 constitution. Otto became king after Ludwig died, but he was never truly allowed to reign. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria and King of Greece (1815-1867) was made the first modern King of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the United Kingdom, France and Russia. Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using . The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece at age 17. In order to make Greece a sustainable and prosperous kingdom, Otto imposed heavy taxes, which further infuriated the people. Otto had to please the powers to ensure the flow of funds. This square in front of the palace, where the population had assembled for the coup, was renamed 'Constitution Square' to commemorate the events leading to the establishment of the constitution. On 26 May 1864, he was promoted to full lieutenant. Otto gained a majority in 1835, and Armansperg was named the arch-secretary. 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