Plot Summary | Add Synopsis According to Martin, Pope Joan succeeded Leo IV, who died in 855. Pope Joan enters next and tells her tale, which begins when as a precocious fourteen-year-old disguised as a boy she left home and traveled with a … Raemond's Erreur Populaire went through successive editions, reaching a fifteenth as late as 1691. According to Jean: Concerning a certain Pope or rather female Pope, who is not set down in the list of popes or Bishops of Rome, because she was a woman who disguised herself as a man and became, by her character and talents, a curial secretary, then a Cardinal and finally Pope. Although some medieval writers referred to the female pope as "John VIII", a genuine Pope John VIII reigned between 872 and 882. [6], Jean de Mailly's chronicle, written around 1250, contains the first mention of an unnamed female pope, and it inspired several more accounts over the next several years. With no Pope Joan Donna Woolfolk Cross, 1996 Crown Publishing 448 pp. Peter Stanford, a British writer and former editor of The Catholic Herald, concluded in The Legend of Pope Joan: In Search of the Truth (2000) "Weighing all th[e] evidence, I am convinced that Pope Joan was an historical figure, though perhaps not all the details about her that have been passed on down the centuries are true". References to the female Pope abound in the later Middle Ages and Renaissance. Pope Joan is referenced in the Yu-Gi-Oh! The movie presents her existence as fact, though it is questionable that Pope Joan really did exist, and portrays her relationships with other notables of the time. Synopsis Pope Joan, legendary female pontiff who supposedly reigned, under the title of John VIII, for slightly more than 25 months, from 855 to 858, between the pontificates of St. Leo IV (847–855) and Benedict III (855–858). Other Characters From Top Girls. [4][5] In the 16th century, Siena Cathedral featured a bust of Joan among other pontiffs; this was removed after protests in 1600. There was some controversy because the Byzantine Emperor attempted to have his own excommunicated son, Anastasius, installed as Pope. For the most part this novel is the story of a young woman, whose desire to gain more knowledge compels her to dress up as a man, who (due to events beyond her control) eventually rises to become the pope. However, other Protestant writers, such as David Blondel and Gottfried Leibniz, rejected the story. She's to be dismissed, but survives a Viking pillaging slaughter and assumes brother Johannes's identity to join a monastery, where she becomes the infirmary's trainee. Unfit for the boys-only dorm, she gets to stay with count Gerold, incurring his wife's due jealousy. In France there appeared marvelous locusts, which had six wings and very powerful teeth. [19], In 1601, Pope Clement VIII declared the legend of the female pope to be untrue. In 2018, Michael E. Habicht, an archaeologist at Flinders University, published new evidence in support of an historical Pope Joan. [39], In July 2019, a theatric show was held in Malta at Mdina ditch featuring Pope Joan as the main character. [33], The sede stercoraria, the throne with a hole in the seat, now at St. John Lateran (the formal residence of the popes and center of Catholicism), is to be considered. Pope Joan is a figure who, according to legend, disguised herself as a man in the Middle Ages and reigned as Pope for two years until her true identity was discovered. Joan speaks about metaphysics and theology, and says while she always enjoys a theological argument, she won’t try to convert anyone because she’s not a missionary. It also changes the date from the 11th to the 9th century, indicating that Joan reigned between Leo IV and Benedict III in the 850s. The origin of the practice is uncertain, but it is quite likely that it was maintained because of widespread belief in the Joan legend, and it was thought genuinely to date back to that period. Cross has written an engaging book." Bartolomeo Platina, the scholar who was prefect of the Vatican Library, wrote his Vitæ Pontificum Platinæ historici liber de vita Christi ac omnium pontificum qui hactenus ducenti fuere et XX in 1479 at the behest of his patron, Pope Sixtus IV. However, the legend gained its greatest prominence when it appeared in the third recension (edited revision) of Martin of Opava's Chronicon Pontificum et Imperatorum later in the 13th century. Due to the Dark Ages' lack of records, confusion often reigns in the evaluation of events. | This "witness" to the female pope is likely to be based upon Martin's account, and not a possible source for it. Over time Joan, disguised as John Anglicus, is eventually afforded opportunities at levels of power that most men never reach. Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. Be the first to contribute! The reason for the configuration of the chair is disputed. 63–70. Taglines -Los Angeles Times “A fascinating and moving account of a woman’s determination to learn, despite the opposition of family and society. 448 pp. Pope Joan has been associated with marvelous happenings. It looks like we don't have a Synopsis for this title yet. When Petrus Hispanus was elected pope in 1276, he believed that there had already been twenty popes named John, so he skipped the number XX and numbered himself John XXI. [28] The Oxford Dictionary of Popes[21] declares that there is "no contemporary evidence for a female Pope at any of the dates suggested for her reign", but nonetheless acknowledges that Pope Joan's legend was widely believed for centuries, even by Catholics. [34] In fact, one is still in the Vatican Museums, another at the Musée du Louvre. [40][41][42][43], woman who reigned as pope during the Middle Ages, according to legend, Ch. Immediately Pope Benedict III was elected. Lady Nijo. | The origins of the Papacy are traditionally traced to St. Peter, one of the original disciples of Jesus. However, there is no evidence that this practice dated back any earlier. There she became proficient in a diversity of branches of knowledge, until she had no equal, and, afterward in Rome, she taught the liberal arts and had great masters among her students and audience. Joan was used as an exemplum in Dominican preaching. She calls herself is a “heresy.” [31] Stanford's work has been criticised as "credulous" by one mainstream historian[who?]. The earliest mention of a female pope appears in the Dominican Jean de Mailly's chronicle of Metz, Chronica Universalis Mettensis, written in the early 13th century. It is based on the medieval legend of Pope Joan. In this stirring international bestseller, Donna Woolfolk Cross brings the Dark Ages to life in all their brutal splendor, and shares the dramatic story of … 0. Rosemary and Darroll Pardoe, authors of The Female Pope: The Mystery of Pope Joan, theorize that if a female pope did exist, a more plausible time frame is 1086 and 1108, when there were several antipopes; during this time the reign of the legitimate popes Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II was not always established in Rome, since the city was occupied by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and later sacked by the Normans. Also in 2009, another film with the title Pope Joan was released, this one a German, British, Italian and Spanish production directed by Sönke Wortmann and produced by Bernd Eichinger, based on Cross's novel. The books validity is controversial in the historical community because Pope Joan's existence has been wiped clean due to the Church's embarrassment of the clandestine reign of this female as Pope for two years. ISBN-13: 9780307452368 Summary For a thousand years men have denied her existence—Pope Joan, the woman who disguised herself as a man and rose to rule Christianity for two years. Top Girls - Play. Pope Joan Summary. Marlene. Traveling teacher Aesculapius arranges for the inquisitive daughter Johanna to be enrolled too, against their father's wishes. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. Other Characters From Top Girls. Pope Joan - Chapters 7-8 Summary & Analysis Donna Cross This Study Guide consists of approximately 37 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Pope Joan. Although it is questionable that Pope Joan really did exist, this movie presents her existence as fact, and portrays her relationships with other notables of the time. xl in P.L., CXXXVI, 85). [30] This also agrees with the earliest known version of the legend, by Jean de Mailly, as he places the story in the year 1099. Through ignorance of the exact time when the birth was expected, she was delivered of a child while in procession from St. Peter's to the Lateran, in a lane once named Via Sacra (the sacred way) but now known as the "shunned street" between the Colosseum and St Clement's church. She would pray for him, as for all the other sad and troubled souls who must travel roads alone.” ― Donna Woolfolk Cross, quote from Pope Joan Pope Joan is a sweeping historical drama set against the turbulent events of the 9th century -- the Saracen sack of St. Peter's, the famous fire in the Borgo that destroyed over three-quarters of the Vatican, the Battle of Fontenoy, arguably the bloodiest and most terrible of medieval conflicts. It was around this time that a long series of busts of past Popes was made for the Duomo of Siena, which included one of the female pope, named as "Johannes VIII, Foemina de Anglia" and included between Leo IV and Benedict III. [29], It has also been noted that enemies of the papacy in the 9th century make no mention of a female pope. Pope Joan is referenced in the video game Persona 5, as the inspiration for Johanna, one of the titular personas (cognitive beings used by humans to battle demons) belonging to Makoto Niijima. His account runs as follows: After the aforesaid Leo, John, an Englishman by descent, who came from Mainz, held the see two years, five months and four days, and the pontificate was vacant one month. Pope Joan Summary. Cross makes an excellent, entertaining case in her work of historical fiction that, in the Dark Ages, a woman sat on the papal throne for two years. German village Igelheim's backward priest hopes his sons to succeed him after education in the bishop's cathedral school, but the elder succumbs to disease and the youngest lacks any intellectual drive. Top Girls - Play. Top Girls - Play. There were associated legends as well. An English writer, Alexander Cooke, wrote a book entitled Pope Joane: A Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist, which purported to prove the existence of Pope Joan by reference to Catholic traditions. Pope Joan is the story of a medieval-era young woman who is intellectually brilliant and motivated in her desire to learn all she can about religion and medicine. The village midwife Hrotrud delivers baby Joan after a dangerous, complicated labor. According to this, she did not die immediately after her exposure, but was confined and deposed, after which she did many years of penance. Habicht argues that the earlier monogram, which he dates from 856 to 858, belongs to Pope Joan, while the latter monogram, which he dates to after 875, belongs to Pope John VIII.[37][38]. A high opinion of her life and learning arose in the city; and she was chosen for Pope. Other novels include Wilhelm Smets's Das Mährchen von der Päpstin Johanna auf’s Neue erörtert (1829), Marjorie Bowen's Black Magic (1909), Ludwig Gorm's Päpstin Johanna (1912), Yves Bichet's La Papesse Jeanne (2005), and Hugo N. Gerstl's Scribe: The Story of the Only Female Pope (2005). Summaries. [7] The legend was generally accepted as true until the 16th century, when a widespread debate among Catholic and Protestant writers called the story into question; various writers noted the implausibly long gap between Joan's supposed lifetime and her first appearance in texts. The famous bust of her, inscribed Johannes VIII, Femina ex Anglia, which had been carved for the series of papal figures in the Duomo di Siena about 1400 and was noted by travelers, was either destroyed or recarved and relabeled, replaced by a male figure, that of Pope Zachary. A remarkable woman uses her considerable intellect—and more than a little luck—to rise from humble origins to become the only female Pope, in this breakneck adventure from newcomer Cross. Philip Jenkins in The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice suggests that the periodic revival of what he calls this "anti-papal legend" has more to do with feminist and anti-Catholic wishful thinking than historical accuracy. Jean de Mailly's story was picked up by his fellow Dominican Stephen of Bourbon, who adapted it for his work on the Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost. Pope Joan arrives at the party— Marlene is grateful that their group can at last order some food. As the story goes, this “Pope Joan” was a young woman who disguised herself as a man and entered into religious training. The American Donna Woolfolk Cross's 1996 historical romance, Pope Joan, was recently made into a German musical as well as the movie described below. 2011. This version, which may have been by Martin himself, is the first to attach a name to the figure, indicating that she was known as "John Anglicus" or "John of Mainz." Now this compelling novel animates the legend with a portrait of an unforgettable woman who struggles against restrictions her soul cannot … Nor is she placed on the list of the Holy Pontiffs, both because of her female sex and on account of the foulness of the matter. [8][9] Protestant scholar David Blondel ultimately demonstrated the impossibility of the story. One day, while mounting a horse, she gave birth to a child. Indeed, at one point he mentions "Leo and Benedict, successively great priests of the Roman Church".[30]. Against the lack of historical evidence to her existence, the question remains as to why the Pope Joan story has been popular and widely believed. [21] Blondel, through detailed analysis of the claims and suggested timings, argued that no such events could have happened. | Marlene asks Joan if she knows everyone, and tells Joan that they were all just talking about “being clever girls.” She asks Joan what excited her when she was ten; Joan … [32] Most modern scholars dismiss Pope Joan as a medieval legend. According to Pierre Gustave Brunet,[24]. Upgrade to PRO to read our character analysis for Pope Joan and unlock other amazing theatre resources! For a thousand years men have denied her existence—Pope Joan, the woman who disguised herself as a man and rose to rule Christianity for two years. The play Top Girls by Caryl Churchill featured Pope Joan as a character, who was invited to a restaurant along with other historically important women in the past by a modern-day woman, Marlene, to discuss the restriction of feminism in the past. But somehow he seemed a man fated always to yearn after that which he could not have, to choose for himself the rockiest, most difficult path. He vehemently asserted his own authority as patriarch over that of the pope in Rome, and would have made the most of any scandal of that time regarding the papacy; but he never mentions the story once in any of his voluminous writings. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. The most popular and influential version is that interpolated into Martin of Opava's Chronicon Pontificum et Imperatorum, later in the 13th century. ‘Pope Joan’ Chapter VI, pp. Los Angeles Times Book Review. 0. Steeped in history, Cross explains how this happened with a fascinating tale of ambition and adventure. Marlene. The Greek author Emmanuel Rhoides' 1866 novel, The Papess Joanne, was admired by Mark Twain and Alfred Jarry and freely translated by Lawrence Durrell as The Curious History of Pope Joan (1954). Act I of Top Girls takes place in a hip London restaurant where Marlene is gathering five other women to celebrate her promotion to managing director of Top Girls, the employment agency where she works. It is impossible to locate in this century the so-called two years pontificate of Pope Joan. Giovanni Boccaccio wrote about her in De Mulieribus Claris (1353). Summary. [27] British historian John Julius Norwich dismissed the myth with a logical assessment of evidence. While Pope, however, she became pregnant by her companion. Her sex was revealed when she gave birth during a procession, and she died shortly after, either through murder or of natural causes. De Mailly's account was acknowledged by his companion Stephen of Bourbon. Crown Publishing. [1][2][3], Most versions of her story describe her as a talented and learned woman who disguised herself as a man, often at the behest of a lover. Hus's opponents at this trial insisted that his argument proved no such thing about the independence of the Church, but they did not dispute that there had been a female pope at all. Lady Nijo. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. Pope Joan is a figure who, according to legend, disguised herself as a man in the Middle Ages and reigned as Pope for two years until her true identity was discovered. According to the Chronicon: John Anglicus, born at Mainz, was Pope for two years, seven months and four days, and died in Rome, after which there was a vacancy in the Papacy of one month. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. However, the story is found in only one unreliable manuscript of Anastasius. Her son from the affair eventually became Bishop of Ostia, and ordered her entombment in his cathedral when she died. Petrarch (1304–1374) wrote in his Chronica de le Vite de Pontefici et Imperadori Romani that after Pope Joan had been revealed as a woman: ... in Brescia it rained blood for three days and nights. Donna Woolfolk Cross’s debut historical novel, Pope Joan (1996), is a fictionalized account of the ninth-century woman who disguised herself as a man, later becoming the first female pope. This movie is based on the medieval legend of Pope Joan, who was made Pope for a brief period around 855 A.D. 10), and a monodrama, Pausin Johanna by Cees van der Pluijm (1996). However, the attribution of this work to Petrarch may be incorrect.[17]. Pope Joan is the story of a medieval-era young woman who is intellectually brilliant and motivated in her desire to learn all she can about religion and medicine. Summaries. [22][23], At the time of the Reformation, various Protestant writers took up the Pope Joan legend in their anti-Catholic writings, and the Catholics responded with their own polemic. Parents Guide. There have been two films based on the story of Pope Joan: Pope Joan (1972), directed by Michael Anderson, was titled The Devil's Imposter in the US. Norwich, John Julius. Pope Joan begins her life as a precocious English child with a thirst for knowledge who eventually fools everyone to become Pope. The novel has been adapted into a film, Pope Joan, released in 2009. In 2009, it was recut to include more of John Briley's original script and released as She... who would be Pope. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. Medieval popes, from the 13th century onward, did indeed avoid the direct route between the Lateran and St Peter's, as Martin of Opava claimed. Some versions of the legend suggest that subsequent popes were subjected to an examination whereby, having sat on a so-called sedia stercoraria or "dung chair" containing a hole, a cardinal had to reach up and establish that the new pope had testicles, before announcing "Duos habet et bene pendentes" ("He has two, and they dangle nicely"),[15] or "habet" ("he has them") for short.[16]. The author's version of that story imagines Joan as the daughter of a village canon. In the 1290s, the Dominican Robert of Uzès recounted a vision in which he saw the seat "where, it is said, the pope is proved to be a man". Joan of Arc, a peasant girl living in medieval France, believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory in its long-running war with England. Pope Joan has all the elements: love, sex, violence, duplicity, and long-buried secrets. The golden bodies were rejected by the waves of the sea and corrupted the air, so that a great many people died. The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional. Even in the 19th century, authors such as Ewaldus Kist and Karl Hase discussed the story as a real occurrence. Pope Joan has all the elements one wants in a historical drama--love, sex, violence, duplicity and long-buried secrets. Martin introduced details that the female pope's birth name was John Anglicus of Mainz, that she reigned in the 9th century, and that she entered the church to follow her lover. This story is vulgarly told, but by very uncertain and obscure authors, and therefore I have related it barely and in short, lest I should seem obstinate and pertinacious if I had admitted what is so generally talked. The Pope Joan lesson plan contains a variety of teaching materials that cater to all learning styles. Fleeing exposure as female, she arrives in Rome. 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pope joan summary

autor: | Říj 14, 2020 | Uncategorized

Plot Keywords Pope Joan has remained a popular subject for fictional works. The same is true of Marianus Scotus's Chronicle of the Popes, a text written in the 11th century. The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional. ISBN-13: 9780307452368. In 1587, Florimond de Raemond, a magistrate in the parlement de Bordeaux and an antiquary, published his first attempt to deconstruct the legend, Erreur Populaire de la Papesse Jeanne (also subsequently published under the title L'Anti-Papesse). The scandalous story of a female pope named Joan arose in the Middle Ages, saying she gained her role in disguise and lost it when she unexpectedly gave birth. All these witnesses prove the correctness of the dates given in the lives of Leo IV and Benedict III, and there was no interregnum between these two Popes, so that at this place there is no room for the alleged Popess. From the mid-13th century onward, the legend was widely disseminated and believed. At the same time, the four-day fast called the "fast of the female Pope" was first established.[14]. Supposedly, Pope Joan succeeded Pope Leo IV, a very saintly man credited with several miracles, who died on July 17, 855. [13], Alain Boureau quotes the humanist Jacopo d'Angelo de Scarparia, who visited Rome in 1406 for the enthronement of Gregory XII. Pope Joan is a fictional story with many actual historical events molded into the plot. The Lord Pope always turns aside from the street, and it is believed by many that this is done because of abhorrence of the event. Some of its manuscripts contain a brief mention of a female pope named Johanna (the earliest source to attach to her the female form of the name), but all these manuscripts are later than Martin's work. The pope sat briefly on two "pierced chairs" at the Lateran: "... the vulgar tell the insane fable that he is touched to verify that he is indeed a man", a sign that this corollary of the Pope Joan legend was still current in the Roman street.[35]. She is the legend that will not die--the woman who disguised herself as a man and sat for two years on the papal throne. "The Medieval Popes", by Vincent DeMarco, in, The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice, "Chronica delle vite de pontefici et imperatori romani", "The lady was a pope: A bestseller revives the outlandish tale of Joan", "Why the Legend of Medieval Pope Joan Persists", "Dreaming of a female pope | Irene Christ on Pope Joan", Legends of a Medieval Female Pope May Tell the Truth, Golden Age of Female Trannies in Medieval Europe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Joan&oldid=1011981069, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2019, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 22:57. They flew miraculously through the air, and all drowned in the British Sea. 0. Earlier manuscripts do not contain the legend. [20], The legend of Pope Joan was "effectively demolished" by David Blondel, a mid-17th-century Protestant historian, who suggested that Pope Joan's tale may have originated in a satire against Pope John XI, who died in his early 20s. This statue had never been mentioned by any earlier writer anywhere; presumably it was an actual statue that came to be taken to be of the female pope. Over time Joan, disguised as John Anglicus, is eventually afforded opportunities at levels of power that most men never reach. Howard Pyle's The Merry Adventures of Robbin Hood contains a reference. The bestselling book received impressive reviews following its publication, and screenwriters later adapted it … [25] It was republished in 1675 as A Present for a Papist: Or the Life and Death of Pope Joan, Plainly Proving Out of the Printed Copies, and Manscriptes of Popish Writers and Others, That a Woman called Joan, Was Really Pope of Rome, and Was There Deliver'd of a Bastard Son in the Open Street as She Went in Solemn Procession. Pope Joan is a fictional story with many actual historical events molded into the plot. Upgrade to StageAgent PRO. Written by edk Plot Summary | Add Synopsis According to Martin, Pope Joan succeeded Leo IV, who died in 855. Pope Joan enters next and tells her tale, which begins when as a precocious fourteen-year-old disguised as a boy she left home and traveled with a … Raemond's Erreur Populaire went through successive editions, reaching a fifteenth as late as 1691. According to Jean: Concerning a certain Pope or rather female Pope, who is not set down in the list of popes or Bishops of Rome, because she was a woman who disguised herself as a man and became, by her character and talents, a curial secretary, then a Cardinal and finally Pope. Although some medieval writers referred to the female pope as "John VIII", a genuine Pope John VIII reigned between 872 and 882. [6], Jean de Mailly's chronicle, written around 1250, contains the first mention of an unnamed female pope, and it inspired several more accounts over the next several years. With no Pope Joan Donna Woolfolk Cross, 1996 Crown Publishing 448 pp. Peter Stanford, a British writer and former editor of The Catholic Herald, concluded in The Legend of Pope Joan: In Search of the Truth (2000) "Weighing all th[e] evidence, I am convinced that Pope Joan was an historical figure, though perhaps not all the details about her that have been passed on down the centuries are true". References to the female Pope abound in the later Middle Ages and Renaissance. Pope Joan is referenced in the Yu-Gi-Oh! The movie presents her existence as fact, though it is questionable that Pope Joan really did exist, and portrays her relationships with other notables of the time. Synopsis Pope Joan, legendary female pontiff who supposedly reigned, under the title of John VIII, for slightly more than 25 months, from 855 to 858, between the pontificates of St. Leo IV (847–855) and Benedict III (855–858). Other Characters From Top Girls. [4][5] In the 16th century, Siena Cathedral featured a bust of Joan among other pontiffs; this was removed after protests in 1600. There was some controversy because the Byzantine Emperor attempted to have his own excommunicated son, Anastasius, installed as Pope. For the most part this novel is the story of a young woman, whose desire to gain more knowledge compels her to dress up as a man, who (due to events beyond her control) eventually rises to become the pope. However, other Protestant writers, such as David Blondel and Gottfried Leibniz, rejected the story. She's to be dismissed, but survives a Viking pillaging slaughter and assumes brother Johannes's identity to join a monastery, where she becomes the infirmary's trainee. Unfit for the boys-only dorm, she gets to stay with count Gerold, incurring his wife's due jealousy. In France there appeared marvelous locusts, which had six wings and very powerful teeth. [19], In 1601, Pope Clement VIII declared the legend of the female pope to be untrue. In 2018, Michael E. Habicht, an archaeologist at Flinders University, published new evidence in support of an historical Pope Joan. [39], In July 2019, a theatric show was held in Malta at Mdina ditch featuring Pope Joan as the main character. [33], The sede stercoraria, the throne with a hole in the seat, now at St. John Lateran (the formal residence of the popes and center of Catholicism), is to be considered. Pope Joan is a figure who, according to legend, disguised herself as a man in the Middle Ages and reigned as Pope for two years until her true identity was discovered. Joan speaks about metaphysics and theology, and says while she always enjoys a theological argument, she won’t try to convert anyone because she’s not a missionary. It also changes the date from the 11th to the 9th century, indicating that Joan reigned between Leo IV and Benedict III in the 850s. The origin of the practice is uncertain, but it is quite likely that it was maintained because of widespread belief in the Joan legend, and it was thought genuinely to date back to that period. Cross has written an engaging book." Bartolomeo Platina, the scholar who was prefect of the Vatican Library, wrote his Vitæ Pontificum Platinæ historici liber de vita Christi ac omnium pontificum qui hactenus ducenti fuere et XX in 1479 at the behest of his patron, Pope Sixtus IV. However, the legend gained its greatest prominence when it appeared in the third recension (edited revision) of Martin of Opava's Chronicon Pontificum et Imperatorum later in the 13th century. Due to the Dark Ages' lack of records, confusion often reigns in the evaluation of events. | This "witness" to the female pope is likely to be based upon Martin's account, and not a possible source for it. Over time Joan, disguised as John Anglicus, is eventually afforded opportunities at levels of power that most men never reach. Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. Be the first to contribute! The reason for the configuration of the chair is disputed. 63–70. Taglines -Los Angeles Times “A fascinating and moving account of a woman’s determination to learn, despite the opposition of family and society. 448 pp. Pope Joan has been associated with marvelous happenings. It looks like we don't have a Synopsis for this title yet. When Petrus Hispanus was elected pope in 1276, he believed that there had already been twenty popes named John, so he skipped the number XX and numbered himself John XXI. [28] The Oxford Dictionary of Popes[21] declares that there is "no contemporary evidence for a female Pope at any of the dates suggested for her reign", but nonetheless acknowledges that Pope Joan's legend was widely believed for centuries, even by Catholics. [34] In fact, one is still in the Vatican Museums, another at the Musée du Louvre. [40][41][42][43], woman who reigned as pope during the Middle Ages, according to legend, Ch. Immediately Pope Benedict III was elected. Lady Nijo. | The origins of the Papacy are traditionally traced to St. Peter, one of the original disciples of Jesus. However, there is no evidence that this practice dated back any earlier. There she became proficient in a diversity of branches of knowledge, until she had no equal, and, afterward in Rome, she taught the liberal arts and had great masters among her students and audience. Joan was used as an exemplum in Dominican preaching. She calls herself is a “heresy.” [31] Stanford's work has been criticised as "credulous" by one mainstream historian[who?]. The earliest mention of a female pope appears in the Dominican Jean de Mailly's chronicle of Metz, Chronica Universalis Mettensis, written in the early 13th century. It is based on the medieval legend of Pope Joan. In this stirring international bestseller, Donna Woolfolk Cross brings the Dark Ages to life in all their brutal splendor, and shares the dramatic story of … 0. Rosemary and Darroll Pardoe, authors of The Female Pope: The Mystery of Pope Joan, theorize that if a female pope did exist, a more plausible time frame is 1086 and 1108, when there were several antipopes; during this time the reign of the legitimate popes Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II was not always established in Rome, since the city was occupied by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and later sacked by the Normans. Also in 2009, another film with the title Pope Joan was released, this one a German, British, Italian and Spanish production directed by Sönke Wortmann and produced by Bernd Eichinger, based on Cross's novel. The books validity is controversial in the historical community because Pope Joan's existence has been wiped clean due to the Church's embarrassment of the clandestine reign of this female as Pope for two years. ISBN-13: 9780307452368 Summary For a thousand years men have denied her existence—Pope Joan, the woman who disguised herself as a man and rose to rule Christianity for two years. Top Girls - Play. Pope Joan Summary. Marlene. Traveling teacher Aesculapius arranges for the inquisitive daughter Johanna to be enrolled too, against their father's wishes. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. Other Characters From Top Girls. Pope Joan - Chapters 7-8 Summary & Analysis Donna Cross This Study Guide consists of approximately 37 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Pope Joan. Although it is questionable that Pope Joan really did exist, this movie presents her existence as fact, and portrays her relationships with other notables of the time. xl in P.L., CXXXVI, 85). [30] This also agrees with the earliest known version of the legend, by Jean de Mailly, as he places the story in the year 1099. Through ignorance of the exact time when the birth was expected, she was delivered of a child while in procession from St. Peter's to the Lateran, in a lane once named Via Sacra (the sacred way) but now known as the "shunned street" between the Colosseum and St Clement's church. She would pray for him, as for all the other sad and troubled souls who must travel roads alone.” ― Donna Woolfolk Cross, quote from Pope Joan Pope Joan is a sweeping historical drama set against the turbulent events of the 9th century -- the Saracen sack of St. Peter's, the famous fire in the Borgo that destroyed over three-quarters of the Vatican, the Battle of Fontenoy, arguably the bloodiest and most terrible of medieval conflicts. It was around this time that a long series of busts of past Popes was made for the Duomo of Siena, which included one of the female pope, named as "Johannes VIII, Foemina de Anglia" and included between Leo IV and Benedict III. [29], It has also been noted that enemies of the papacy in the 9th century make no mention of a female pope. Pope Joan is referenced in the video game Persona 5, as the inspiration for Johanna, one of the titular personas (cognitive beings used by humans to battle demons) belonging to Makoto Niijima. His account runs as follows: After the aforesaid Leo, John, an Englishman by descent, who came from Mainz, held the see two years, five months and four days, and the pontificate was vacant one month. Pope Joan Summary. Cross makes an excellent, entertaining case in her work of historical fiction that, in the Dark Ages, a woman sat on the papal throne for two years. German village Igelheim's backward priest hopes his sons to succeed him after education in the bishop's cathedral school, but the elder succumbs to disease and the youngest lacks any intellectual drive. Top Girls - Play. Top Girls - Play. There were associated legends as well. An English writer, Alexander Cooke, wrote a book entitled Pope Joane: A Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist, which purported to prove the existence of Pope Joan by reference to Catholic traditions. Pope Joan is the story of a medieval-era young woman who is intellectually brilliant and motivated in her desire to learn all she can about religion and medicine. The village midwife Hrotrud delivers baby Joan after a dangerous, complicated labor. According to this, she did not die immediately after her exposure, but was confined and deposed, after which she did many years of penance. Habicht argues that the earlier monogram, which he dates from 856 to 858, belongs to Pope Joan, while the latter monogram, which he dates to after 875, belongs to Pope John VIII.[37][38]. A high opinion of her life and learning arose in the city; and she was chosen for Pope. Other novels include Wilhelm Smets's Das Mährchen von der Päpstin Johanna auf’s Neue erörtert (1829), Marjorie Bowen's Black Magic (1909), Ludwig Gorm's Päpstin Johanna (1912), Yves Bichet's La Papesse Jeanne (2005), and Hugo N. Gerstl's Scribe: The Story of the Only Female Pope (2005). Summaries. [7] The legend was generally accepted as true until the 16th century, when a widespread debate among Catholic and Protestant writers called the story into question; various writers noted the implausibly long gap between Joan's supposed lifetime and her first appearance in texts. The famous bust of her, inscribed Johannes VIII, Femina ex Anglia, which had been carved for the series of papal figures in the Duomo di Siena about 1400 and was noted by travelers, was either destroyed or recarved and relabeled, replaced by a male figure, that of Pope Zachary. A remarkable woman uses her considerable intellect—and more than a little luck—to rise from humble origins to become the only female Pope, in this breakneck adventure from newcomer Cross. Philip Jenkins in The New Anti-Catholicism: The Last Acceptable Prejudice suggests that the periodic revival of what he calls this "anti-papal legend" has more to do with feminist and anti-Catholic wishful thinking than historical accuracy. Jean de Mailly's story was picked up by his fellow Dominican Stephen of Bourbon, who adapted it for his work on the Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost. Pope Joan arrives at the party— Marlene is grateful that their group can at last order some food. As the story goes, this “Pope Joan” was a young woman who disguised herself as a man and entered into religious training. The American Donna Woolfolk Cross's 1996 historical romance, Pope Joan, was recently made into a German musical as well as the movie described below. 2011. This version, which may have been by Martin himself, is the first to attach a name to the figure, indicating that she was known as "John Anglicus" or "John of Mainz." Now this compelling novel animates the legend with a portrait of an unforgettable woman who struggles against restrictions her soul cannot … Nor is she placed on the list of the Holy Pontiffs, both because of her female sex and on account of the foulness of the matter. [8][9] Protestant scholar David Blondel ultimately demonstrated the impossibility of the story. One day, while mounting a horse, she gave birth to a child. Indeed, at one point he mentions "Leo and Benedict, successively great priests of the Roman Church".[30]. Against the lack of historical evidence to her existence, the question remains as to why the Pope Joan story has been popular and widely believed. [21] Blondel, through detailed analysis of the claims and suggested timings, argued that no such events could have happened. | Marlene asks Joan if she knows everyone, and tells Joan that they were all just talking about “being clever girls.” She asks Joan what excited her when she was ten; Joan … [32] Most modern scholars dismiss Pope Joan as a medieval legend. According to Pierre Gustave Brunet,[24]. Upgrade to PRO to read our character analysis for Pope Joan and unlock other amazing theatre resources! For a thousand years men have denied her existence—Pope Joan, the woman who disguised herself as a man and rose to rule Christianity for two years. The play Top Girls by Caryl Churchill featured Pope Joan as a character, who was invited to a restaurant along with other historically important women in the past by a modern-day woman, Marlene, to discuss the restriction of feminism in the past. But somehow he seemed a man fated always to yearn after that which he could not have, to choose for himself the rockiest, most difficult path. He vehemently asserted his own authority as patriarch over that of the pope in Rome, and would have made the most of any scandal of that time regarding the papacy; but he never mentions the story once in any of his voluminous writings. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. The most popular and influential version is that interpolated into Martin of Opava's Chronicon Pontificum et Imperatorum, later in the 13th century. ‘Pope Joan’ Chapter VI, pp. Los Angeles Times Book Review. 0. Steeped in history, Cross explains how this happened with a fascinating tale of ambition and adventure. Marlene. The Greek author Emmanuel Rhoides' 1866 novel, The Papess Joanne, was admired by Mark Twain and Alfred Jarry and freely translated by Lawrence Durrell as The Curious History of Pope Joan (1954). Act I of Top Girls takes place in a hip London restaurant where Marlene is gathering five other women to celebrate her promotion to managing director of Top Girls, the employment agency where she works. It is impossible to locate in this century the so-called two years pontificate of Pope Joan. Giovanni Boccaccio wrote about her in De Mulieribus Claris (1353). Summary. [27] British historian John Julius Norwich dismissed the myth with a logical assessment of evidence. While Pope, however, she became pregnant by her companion. Her sex was revealed when she gave birth during a procession, and she died shortly after, either through murder or of natural causes. De Mailly's account was acknowledged by his companion Stephen of Bourbon. Crown Publishing. [1][2][3], Most versions of her story describe her as a talented and learned woman who disguised herself as a man, often at the behest of a lover. Hus's opponents at this trial insisted that his argument proved no such thing about the independence of the Church, but they did not dispute that there had been a female pope at all. Lady Nijo. A woman of English extraction born in the German city of Ingelheim in the ninth century disguises herself as a man and rises through the Vatican ranks. Pope Joan is a figure who, according to legend, disguised herself as a man in the Middle Ages and reigned as Pope for two years until her true identity was discovered. According to the Chronicon: John Anglicus, born at Mainz, was Pope for two years, seven months and four days, and died in Rome, after which there was a vacancy in the Papacy of one month. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. However, the story is found in only one unreliable manuscript of Anastasius. Her son from the affair eventually became Bishop of Ostia, and ordered her entombment in his cathedral when she died. Petrarch (1304–1374) wrote in his Chronica de le Vite de Pontefici et Imperadori Romani that after Pope Joan had been revealed as a woman: ... in Brescia it rained blood for three days and nights. Donna Woolfolk Cross’s debut historical novel, Pope Joan (1996), is a fictionalized account of the ninth-century woman who disguised herself as a man, later becoming the first female pope. This movie is based on the medieval legend of Pope Joan, who was made Pope for a brief period around 855 A.D. 10), and a monodrama, Pausin Johanna by Cees van der Pluijm (1996). However, the attribution of this work to Petrarch may be incorrect.[17]. Pope Joan is the story of a medieval-era young woman who is intellectually brilliant and motivated in her desire to learn all she can about religion and medicine. Summaries. [22][23], At the time of the Reformation, various Protestant writers took up the Pope Joan legend in their anti-Catholic writings, and the Catholics responded with their own polemic. Parents Guide. There have been two films based on the story of Pope Joan: Pope Joan (1972), directed by Michael Anderson, was titled The Devil's Imposter in the US. Norwich, John Julius. Pope Joan begins her life as a precocious English child with a thirst for knowledge who eventually fools everyone to become Pope. The novel has been adapted into a film, Pope Joan, released in 2009. In 2009, it was recut to include more of John Briley's original script and released as She... who would be Pope. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. Medieval popes, from the 13th century onward, did indeed avoid the direct route between the Lateran and St Peter's, as Martin of Opava claimed. Some versions of the legend suggest that subsequent popes were subjected to an examination whereby, having sat on a so-called sedia stercoraria or "dung chair" containing a hole, a cardinal had to reach up and establish that the new pope had testicles, before announcing "Duos habet et bene pendentes" ("He has two, and they dangle nicely"),[15] or "habet" ("he has them") for short.[16]. The author's version of that story imagines Joan as the daughter of a village canon. In the 1290s, the Dominican Robert of Uzès recounted a vision in which he saw the seat "where, it is said, the pope is proved to be a man". Joan of Arc, a peasant girl living in medieval France, believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory in its long-running war with England. Pope Joan has all the elements: love, sex, violence, duplicity, and long-buried secrets. The golden bodies were rejected by the waves of the sea and corrupted the air, so that a great many people died. The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional. Even in the 19th century, authors such as Ewaldus Kist and Karl Hase discussed the story as a real occurrence. Pope Joan has all the elements one wants in a historical drama--love, sex, violence, duplicity and long-buried secrets. Martin introduced details that the female pope's birth name was John Anglicus of Mainz, that she reigned in the 9th century, and that she entered the church to follow her lover. This story is vulgarly told, but by very uncertain and obscure authors, and therefore I have related it barely and in short, lest I should seem obstinate and pertinacious if I had admitted what is so generally talked. The Pope Joan lesson plan contains a variety of teaching materials that cater to all learning styles. Fleeing exposure as female, she arrives in Rome. 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