clive of india

[11], On the same date Clive obtained not only an imperial charter for the company's possessions in the Carnatic, completing the work he began at Arcot, but a third firman for the highest of all the lieutenancies of the empire, that of the Deccan itself. (1935). The British forces attacked the Nawab's camp during the early morning hours of 5 February 1757. [51], In 1760, the 35-year-old Clive returned to Great Britain with a fortune of at least £300,000 (equivalent to £45,700,000 in 2019) and the quit-rent of £27,000 (equivalent to £4,100,000 in 2019) a year. Was this review helpful to you? Told in flashback. He was born in India and had a business in Shrewsbury for 20 years, and said when friends came to visit, they felt uncomfortable with Clive's … Hired by the EIC to return a second time to India, Clive conspired to secure the company's trade interests by overthrowing the ruler of Bengal, the richest state in India. He eventually developed a distinctive writing style, and a speech in the House of Commons was described by William Pitt as the most eloquent he had ever heard. Clive's actions on behalf of the EIC have made him one of Britain's most controversial colonial figures. In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film starring Ronald Colman about the life of Robert Clive. Ronald Coleman is Clive and as ever is a great actor and he is fun to watch. Clive was awarded an Irish peerage in 1762, being created Baron Clive of Plassey, County Clare; he bought lands in County Limerick and County Clare, Ireland, naming part of his lands near Limerick City, Plassey. Robert Clive Jnr (b. It appears in the records as "firman from the King Shah Aalum, granting the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha to the Company 1765." [25] The British leadership was taken prisoner and sent to Pondicherry. [11] It is curious in many ways that Clive is now best-remembered for this battle, which was essentially won by suborning the opposition rather than through fighting or brilliant military tactics. The British engaged and defeated the ships the Dutch used to deliver the troops in a separate naval battle on 24 November. Mir Jafar further discharged his debt to Clive by afterwards presenting him with the quit-rent of the company's lands in and around Calcutta, amounting to an annuity of £27,000 (equivalent to £3,600,000 in 2019) for life, and leaving him by will the sum of £70,000 (equivalent to £9,500,000 in 2019), which Clive devoted to the army. [11] Robert was their eldest son of thirteen children; he had seven sisters and five brothers, six of whom died in infancy. Shortly beforehand, he had been offered command of British forces in North America which he had turned down. Some miles farther down is the field of Plassey, then an extensive grove of mango trees. His bad behaviour continued, and he was then sent to a trade school in Hertfordshire to complete a basic education. The British presence in India was still tiny compared to the number and strength of the princes and people of India, but also compared to the forces of their ambitious French, Dutch and Danish rivals. This novel is … His conduct during the siege made Clive famous in Europe. They met a mixed force of British and local troops at Chinsurah, just outside Calcutta. [6] In return for supporting the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar on the throne, Clive was granted a jaghire of £30,000 (equivalent to £4,100,000 in 2019) per year which was the rent the EIC would otherwise pay to the Nawab for their tax farming concession, when he left India he had a fortune of £180,000 (equivalent to £24,300,000 in 2019) which he remitted through the Dutch East India Company. The emperor, Shah Alam II, detached himself from the league, while the Awadh viceroy threw himself on the mercy of the British. When he was 18, he was sent to Madras as a clerk and bookkeeper in the East India Company. Historians have criticised Clive's management of Bengal during his tenure with the EIC and his responsibility in contributing to the Bengal Famine of 1770. [10] The family had held the small estate since the time of Henry VII and had a lengthy history of public service: members of the family included an Irish chancellor of the exchequer under Henry VIII, and a member of the Long Parliament. After several days of bombardment the British surrendered and the French entered the city. [63] Though Clive's demise has been linked to his history of depression and to opium addiction, the likely immediate impetus was excruciating pain resulting from illness (he was known to suffer from gallstones) which he had been attempting to abate with opium[citation needed]. The attack very nearly succeeded in its object, but was reversed when enemy sniper fire tore into the small British force. This also opened up other parts of India to the British and finally led to the rise of the British Raj in India. Written by A fleet surgeon, Edward Ives, noted that Clive refused to take any part of the treasure divided among the victorious forces as was custom at the time. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! The siege finally reached critical when Raza Sahib launched an all-out assault against the fort on 14 November. Robert Clive, was an unstable sociopath who led the fearsome East India Company to its conquest of the subcontinent. That night Clive led most of his force out of the fort and launched a surprise attack on the besiegers. In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. The affair was a serious blow: 15 of Clive's men were killed, and another 15 wounded. In 1748 at Fort St. David, India, Robert Clive (Ronald Colman), a disenchanted East India Company clerk, joins the British army to help combat the French. He had been well received at court, had been made Baron Clive of Plassey, County Clare, had bought estates, and had a few friends as well as himself returned to the House of Commons. Prince Ali Gauhar escaped from Delhi after his father, the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II, had been murdered by the usurping Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and his Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau.[50]. For many years he had been working to negotiate the release of Chanda Sahib, a longtime French ally who had at one time occupied the throne of Tanjore, and sought for himself the throne of the Carnatic. He rode to Cuddalore, and offered his services to lead an attack on Arcot if he was given a captain's commission, arguing this would force Chanda Sahib to either abandon the siege of Trichinopoly or significantly reduce the force there. Prince Ali Gauhar successfully advanced as far as Patna, which he later besieged with a combined army of over 40,000 in order to capture or kill Ramnarian, a sworn enemy of the Mughals. Clive returned to Madras in 1751. It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. Opium was one of the forced crops to be cultivated by the Indian people. The daring move by Clive had an important consequence: the Tanjoreans abandoned the fort, which the British triumphantly occupied. Clive of India is a real life story that has adventure and is intriguing, it relates to the a variety of audiences across the world, basing on it’s international theatre and historical facts. This placed the British at Madras in a precarious position, since the latter was the last of their major allies in the area. [30], In the conflict, Clive's bravery came to the attention of Major Stringer Lawrence, who arrived in 1748 to take command of the British troops at Fort St. Robert Clive married Margaret Maskelyne (d. 28 December 1817[37]) on 18 February 1753,[37] sister of the Rev. The Nawab nominally owed fealty to the nizam, but in many respects acted independently. Lawrence wrote of Clive's action that "he behaved in courage and in judgment much beyond what could be expected from his years. In 1750 Clive was afflicted with some sort of nervous disorder, and was sent north to Bengal to recuperate. A clerk in the company, Robert Clive, is frustrated by his lack of advancement, and transfers to the military arm of the company, where he excels. Clive of India by Minney, R. J. Clive, hoping to surprise the small garrison at Arcot, made a series of forced marches, including some under extremely rainy conditions. Company officials, concerned about the cost of the military, slashed its size, denying Clive a promotion to captain in the process. Clive was nearly cut down and the beachhead almost lost before reinforcements sent by Lawrence arrived to save the day. EMBED. The Mughals were also joined by Jean Law and 200 Frenchmen, and waged a campaign against the British during the Seven Years' War. Their forces were reinforced by the forces of Shuja-ud-Daula and Najib-ud-Daula. In the summer of 1751, Chanda Sahib left Arcot to besiege Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah at Trichinopoly. An office of "Deputy Nawab" was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company's representative while the Nizamat(Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. [11], In this extraction of wealth Clive followed a usage fully recognised by the company, although this was the source of future corruption which Clive was later sent to India again to correct. Later in 1768, Clive was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)[53] and in the same year served as treasurer of the Salop Infirmary in Shrewsbury.[58]. They were married at St. Mary's Church in (then) Madras on 18 February 1753. Several hundred attackers were killed and many more wounded, while Clive's small force suffered only four British and two sepoy casualties. Disguising themselves as natives, Clive and three others eluded their inattentive sentry, slipped out of the fort, and made their way to Fort St. David (the British post at Cuddalore), some 50 miles (80 km) to the south. Mir Jafar was succeeded by his son-in-law Kasim Ali, though not before the government had been further demoralised by taking £100,000 (equivalent to £13,800,000 in 2019) as a gift from the new Nawab; while Kasim Ali had induced not only the viceroy of Awadh, but the emperor of Delhi himself, to invade Bihar. The ignominious retreat of the British force (which lost its baggage train to the pursuing Tanjorean army while crossing a swollen river) was a blow to the British reputation. Clive amassed a huge personal fortune in India, and following his return to England was the subject of a parliamentary enquiry into corruption. Except for the 40 Frenchmen and the guns they worked, the Indian side could do little to reply to the British cannonade (after a spell of rain), which, with the 39th Regiment, scattered the host, inflicting on it a loss of 500 men. In the five years of his conquests and administration in Bengal, the young man had crowded together a succession of exploits that led Lord Macaulay, in what that historian termed his "flashy" essay on the subject, to compare him to Napoleon Bonaparte, declaring that "[Clive] gave peace, security, prosperity and such liberty as the case allowed of to millions of Indians, who had for centuries been the prey of oppression, while Napoleon's career of conquest was inspired only by personal ambition, and the absolutism he established vanished with his fall." Clive and Major Lawrence were able to bring the campaign to a successful conclusion. He found solace in the governor’s library, where he virtually educated himself. His reorganisation of the army, on the lines of that which he had begun after Plassey, neglected during his absence in Great Britain, subsequently attracted the admiration of Indian officers. This fact is mentioned in a letter from the secret committee of the court of directors to the Madras government, dated 27 April 1768. [12], Clive's father was known to have a temper, which the boy apparently inherited. [4][5] He began as a writer (the term used then in India for an office clerk) for the East India Company (EIC) who established the military and political supremacy of the EIC by securing a decisive victory in Bengal and looting its treasury of an estimated £2.325 billion in modern terms. [39][40] They then returned to England. A bored WWI veteran helps out a young woman, whose uncle is being held hostage by embezzlers. Clive quoted about the oppression of Bengal: Following the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020 and the toppling by Black Lives Matter protestors of the statue of slave-trader Edward Colston in Bristol, several petitions were launched calling for the removal of the statue of Clive in the centre of The Square in Shrewsbury. Even allowing for overestimation this was considerably more than Clive's force of approximately 540 British infantry, 600 Royal Navy sailors, 800 local sepoys, fourteen field guns and no cavalry. While Clive was preoccupied with fighting the French, the Dutch directors of the outpost at Chinsurah, not far from Chandernagore, seeing an opportunity to expand their influence, agreed to send additional troops to Chinsurah. The fortress was quickly taken with minimal British casualties. He sought to make terms with Clive, and surrendered control of Calcutta on 9 February, promising to compensate the East India Company for damages suffered and to restore its privileges. Although not directly linked to slavery, Robert Clive is widely credited with engineering British colonial rule in India and has faced scathing reviews from some historians. 15 September 1760, bapt 10 October 1760 Moreton Say, d. December 1795, married in 1780 to Lt-Gen John Robinson of Denston Hall Suffolk, MP (d. In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. (Clive reported his losses at 57 killed and 137 wounded.) During the rainy season, the Hooghly is fed by the overflow of the Ganges to the north through three streams, which in the hot months are nearly dry. He put down a mutiny of the British officers, who chose to resent the veto against receiving presents and the reduction of batta (extra pay) at a time when two Maratha armies were marching on Bengal. He was awakened by the alarm, and was instantly at his post ... After three desperate onsets, the besiegers retired behind the ditch. [22], The relationship between the Europeans in India was influenced by a series of wars and treaties in Europe, and by competing commercial rivalry for trade on the subcontinent. "Clive of India", clearly, is a very sterile and dry film. Clive, we are told, was popular with his sepoys because he never shirked sharing their hardships and dangers. [11], The long-term outcome of Plassey was to place a very heavy revenue burden upon Bengal. In thanks for French assistance, the victors awarded them a number of villages, including territory nominally under British sway near Cuddalore and Madras. David. [20] The Indian theatre of the conflict is also known as the First Carnatic War, referring to the Carnatic region on the southeast coast of India. That night Clive launched a daring attack against the French artillery, seeking to capture their guns. His achievements included checking French Imperial ambitions on the Coromandel Coast and establishing EIC control over Bengal, thereby taking the first step towards establishing the British Raj, though he worked only as an agent of the East India Company, not the British government. He later accepted a commission in the company's army. [68], British military officer and East India Company official, "Clive of India" redirects here. [17], When Clive was nine his aunt died, and, after a brief stint in his father's cramped London quarters, he returned to Shropshire. 7 of 14 people found this review helpful. This became a source of conflict with the British in India with the entry of Britain into the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744. India at that time was broken into a number of independent states which each had vast armies far outnumbering the English. For the 1935 film, see, Clive of India, by John Watney, published 1974, p.149. Margaret Maskelyne had set out to find Clive who reportedly had fallen in love with her portrait. Calling him a coward, his girl friend and 3 officer friends give him a white feather. [11], In 1744 Clive's father acquired for him a position as a "factor" or company agent in the service of the East India Company, and Clive set sail for India. Of course there are exceptions to the rule, but in general these are among my least favorite old films. When he meets a woman and falls in love he decides to "... See full summary ». Nearly 250 years later in 1998, illegally salvaged coins from Clive's treasure chest were offered for sale,[44] and in 2002 a portion of the coins were given to the South African government after protracted legal wrangling. Here's our roundup of the best new series of the year so far, and where to watch them. Mohammed Ali Khan Wallajah was recognised as Nawab, and both nations agreed to equalise their possessions. Clive lost hardly any European troops; in all 22 sepoys were killed and 50 wounded. Ron Kerrigan . Ronald Colman plays an MP addicted to drugs, and a double recruited to cover for him. Clive had already made a secret agreement with aristocrats in Bengal, including Jagat Seth and Mir Jafar. Sir Eyre Coote, serving in the British forces, estimated the enemy's strength as 40,000 cavalry, 60,000 infantry and thirty cannon. Hostilities in India began with a British naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the French Governor-General Dupleix to request additional forces. Adventure, Certificate: Passed For reasons that are unknown, Clive was sent to live with his mother's sister in Manchester while still a toddler. I love the period from the 1920s-1940s in film, however, there are a couple genres within this that I am less than fond of and try to avoid--such as musicals and costume dramas. Early in 1756, Siraj Ud Daulah had succeeded his grandfather Alivardi Khan as Nawab of Bengal. This is a shame, as the real life Sir Clive was an amazing man and as an American I am glad he fought in India and not North America--otherwise, we might still be a British colony! First years in India. A proportion of the loot of Bengal went directly into Clive's pocket.[65]. Clive entered Murshidabad and established Mir Jafar as Nawab, the price which had been agreed beforehand for his treachery. The British began sending additional arms to Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah and sought to bring Nasir Jung into the fray to oppose Chanda Sahib. Although he did fail to achieve surprise, the garrison, hearing of the march being made under such arduous conditions, opted to abandon the fort and town; Clive occupied Arcot without firing a shot. In redemption, he shadows his friends in war to save their lives. The Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder described Clive, who had received no formal military training whatsoever, as the "heaven-born general", endorsing the generous appreciation of his early commander, Major Lawrence. "[11], Having thus founded the Empire of British India, Clive sought to put in place a strong administration. This system proved to be detrimental for the administration of Bengal and ultimately the "Dual system of government" was abolished by Warren Hastings.[56]. Upon the death of Asaf Jah I, his son, Nasir Jung, seized the throne of Hyderabad, although Asaf Jah had designated as his successor his grandson, Muzaffar Jung. [14][15] He was a regular troublemaker in the schools to which he was sent. He re-fortified Calcutta. After heavy rain, Clive's 3,200 men and the nine guns crossed the river and took possession of the grove and its tanks of water, while Clive established his headquarters in a hunting lodge. Clive, who accompanied the force as commissary, was outraged at the decision to abandon the siege. Clive left India for the last time in February 1767. A noted commander and leader in the East India Company during the 18th century. But for many people with food allergies and intolerances, it’s the difference between sickness and health. Photograph: Hulton Archive/Hulton Archive/Getty Images [26] The remaining British residents were asked to take an oath promising not to take up arms against the French; Clive and a handful of others refused, and were kept under weak guard as the French prepared to destroy the fort. See more ideas about clive, india, castles in wales. For this Clive himself must bear much responsibility, as he had set a very poor example during his tenure as Governor. "[31] The siege was lifted in October 1748 with the arrival of the monsoons, but the war came to a conclusion with the arrival in December of news of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Even the most dedicated of us can get fed up trying to make sense of what is (and isn’t) on the labels. [11], The whole hot season of 1757 was spent in negotiations with the Nawab of Bengal. Clive was given a number of military commands when England had a number of small outposts on the Indian Coast. Dr Nevil Maskelyne, fifth Astronomer Royal, in Madras. The salaries of civil servants were increased, the acceptance of gifts from Indians was forbidden, and Clive exacted covenants under which participation in the inland trade was stopped. Use the HTML below. The action was led by Admiral James Watson and the British had several ships available, some Royal troops and some Maratha allies. Apr 19, 2020 - Explore R's board "Clive of India" on Pinterest. Clive led this force rapidly across the river and toward the fort, where the small British unit became separated from the sepoys and were enveloped by the Tanjorean cavalry. That impaired those cannons. Lawrence procured for Clive a position as the commissary at Fort St. George, a potentially lucrative posting (its pay included commissions on all supply contracts).[35]. Clive of India was born on 29 September 1975 at Styche near Market Drayton in Shropshire. Nothing remains to him but the name and shadow of authority. The dominant rulers on the Coromandel Coast were the Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah I, and the Nawab of the Carnatic, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan. He was given access to the governor's library, where he became a prolific reader. (Most of these troops came from Pondicherry, not Trichinopoly, and thus did not have the effect Clive desired of raising that siege.) Clive again made a spirited defence of his actions, and closed his testimony by stating "Take my fortune, but save my honour." Kerrigan < mvg @ whidbey.com > himself headed the nine who voted delay... [ 12 ] despite his early lack of scholarship, in 1720 France effectively nationalised the French East India 's! Forces ensured that the boy apparently inherited a month later, on 3 February.. 'S sister in Manchester while still a toddler agreement with aristocrats in Bengal in pursuit of the British! Its moat was shallow or dry, and clive of india nations agreed to their... 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Coward, his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were completed the. September 1975 at Styche near Market Drayton in Shropshire annual revenue of over 350,000 rupees '' [... Admiral Watson bombarded it from the peasantry to fund military campaigns, and he to! 1760, after four years of hard labour, his health gave way and he was.. Jafar 's forces and later executed by the forces of Shuja-ud-Daula and Najib-ud-Daula taken with similar.! Advanced to meet them, but in general these are among my least favorite old films thirty cannon Elizabeth... 59 ] [ 40 ] they then returned to India [ 43 ] to act as deputy of... India ( 1935 ) sir Eyre Coote, serving in the governor ’ s the difference between sickness health! Shallow or dry, and some of its towers were insufficiently strong to use as artillery.... Besieging camp and arrived safely at fort William was broken into a number of small outposts on expedition! 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